Emergency Action Plans for Lifeguards: First Aid Procedures in 2025

In 2025, lifeguards are required to follow Emergency Action Plans that are more structured and comprehensive than ever before. With advancements in first aid procedures, technology, and risk management, lifeguards play a critical role in ensuring the safety of swimmers and beachgoers.

This article provides a detailed guide on the essential first-aid procedures for lifeguards and how they should be incorporated into emergency response plans to optimize lifesaving efforts.

Understanding Emergency Action Plans 

An Emergency Action Plan  is a structured protocol designed to help lifeguard class respond effectively to emergencies. The key components of an EAP include:

• Risk assessment of the area

• Designated roles and responsibilities of lifeguards

• Communication protocols for emergencies

• Equipment readiness and availability

• Training and drills to ensure preparedness

Each facility must have a customized EAP based on its unique risks, including pool facilities, beaches, water parks, and open water environments.

Lifeguard First Aid Procedures for 2025

1. Primary Assessment: Evaluating the Scene

Before initiating any rescue, lifeguards must conduct a primary assessment to determine the severity of the situation. The DRABC approach is widely used:

• D – Danger: Ensure the area is safe for the rescuer and victim.

• R – Response: Check if the victim is responsive.

• A – Airway: Ensure the airway is clear.

• B – Breathing: Look, listen, and feel for breathing.

• C – Circulation: Check for a pulse and any severe bleeding.

2. Water Rescues and Safe Extractions

Lifeguards must be trained in various rescue techniques, depending on the victim’s condition:

• Passive Victim Rescues: For unconscious victims who require immediate extraction.

• Active Victim Rescues: For distressed swimmers struggling to stay afloat.

• Spinal Injury Rescues: Specialized techniques to prevent further injury.

• Multiple Victim Rescues: Managing emergencies involving more than one person.

Proper lifeguard equipment, such as rescue tubes, backboards, and flotation devices, must always be available.

3. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and AED Use

CPR techniques for lifeguards have been updated in 2025 to enhance effectiveness:

• Adult CPR: 30 chest compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths.

• Child and Infant CPR: Adjusted compression depth and technique.

• Use of AED (Automated External Defibrillator):

  • Ensure the victim is dry.

  • Place pads correctly (one on the upper right chest, one on the lower left side).

  • Follow AED prompts to deliver shocks when necessary.

4. First Aid for Common Lifeguard Emergencies

Drowning and Near-Drowning Incidents

• Remove the victim from the water safely.

• Begin rescue breathing if they are not breathing.

• Provide CPR if there is no pulse.

• Monitor for signs of secondary drowning (delayed respiratory distress).

Severe Bleeding and Wounds

• Apply direct pressure with a sterile dressing.

• Elevate the injured limb if possible.

• Use a tourniquet as a last resort.

• Monitor for shock symptoms (pale skin, rapid pulse, confusion).

Spinal Injuries

• Use a spinal board for water extraction.

• Keep the victim’s head and neck aligned.

• Avoid unnecessary movement.

• Seek immediate emergency medical assistance.

Heat Exhaustion and Heatstroke

• Move the person to a cool, shaded area.

• Hydrate with electrolyte-rich fluids.

• Apply cool compresses to lower body temperature.

• For heatstroke, call emergency services immediately.

Jellyfish Stings and Marine Injuries

• Rinse the sting site with vinegar (not freshwater).

• Remove tentacles with tweezers (wear gloves if available).

• Apply a hot water compress to ease the pain.

• Seek medical attention for allergic reactions.

Preventative Measures to Minimize Emergencies

1. Lifeguard Training and Certification

Regular training in CPR, AED usage, and first aid is essential. Certification from organizations such as American Lifeguard Association n ensures lifeguards remain up to date.

2. Public Safety Awareness

Educating swimmers on rip currents, safe swimming practices, and hydration can significantly reduce emergencies.

3. Proper Signage and Equipment Maintenance

• Clearly mark danger zones.

• Regularly inspect lifesaving equipment.

• Ensure communication devices, such as radios and whistles, are functional.

Finalization

In 2025, lifeguards play a crucial role in ensuring public safety through well-structured Emergency Action Plans and first aid procedures. By staying prepared, maintaining training, and utilizing the latest rescue techniques, lifeguards can effectively respond to emergencies and save lives.